ABSTRACT
Typhoid fever (TF) is an acute systemic infection caused by Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Para Typhi A and Salmonella Para Typhi B. It is transmitted by the fecal oral route mainly via contaminated food and water. The developing countries have high rate of morbidity and mortality due to Typhoid fever, epidemics take place in developed world also. There are increased incidences of multi drug resistant in S. typhi strains that has further complicated its management and only a few antibiotics are now effective in treatment of typhoid. We report that the aqueous extracts of fruit peel Citrus sinensis (L.) confer anti typhoid activity against Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Para Typhi A and Salmonella Para Typhi B respectively on comparison with ciprofloxacin.
Key words: Typhoid fever, Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Para Typhi A , Salmonella Para Typhi B, anti typhoid activity, Citrus sinensis.
Typhoid fever (TF) is an acute systemic infection caused by Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Para Typhi A and Salmonella Para Typhi B. It is transmitted by the fecal oral route mainly via contaminated food and water. The developing countries have high rate of morbidity and mortality due to Typhoid fever, epidemics take place in developed world also. There are increased incidences of multi drug resistant in S. typhi strains that has further complicated its management and only a few antibiotics are now effective in treatment of typhoid. We report that the aqueous extracts of fruit peel Citrus sinensis (L.) confer anti typhoid activity against Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Para Typhi A and Salmonella Para Typhi B respectively on comparison with ciprofloxacin.
Key words: Typhoid fever, Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Para Typhi A , Salmonella Para Typhi B, anti typhoid activity, Citrus sinensis.
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ABSTRACT
Cissus quadrangularis (Family-Vitaceae) is found in hotter parts of India and neibouring countries Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia .Stem of the plant are used as anthelmintic, laxative, chronic ulcer, ,analgesics and in Bone healing activity. The Stem of Cissus quadrangularis was collected and powdered. Ethyl acetate extract was prepared by using Cold Maceration and subsequently fractioned with hydro alcoholic (50:50) for detailed chemical analysis. Fluorescence characters of different Macerated extract and powder were noted under ultra violet light and under normal ordinary light, which signifies their characteristics. The total ash value, acid insoluble ash value and water soluble ash value were 12.5%, 2.5% & 10.0%, respectively. The percentage yields for ethyl acetate, Hydro alcoholic were 2% and 1.8%. respectively. Reaction behaviors of powder stem of Cissus quadrangularis with 10 different reagents were also noted, which revealed characteristic development of particular color. Preliminary qualitative chemical tests of extracts were found positive results for Phytosterol, flavonoids and triterpenoids in Ethyl acetate fraction, Hydro alcoholic fraction was positive to carbohydrate, tannin and amino acid and vitamin C. Flavonoids and triterpenoids are the active constituents in stem of Cissus quadrangularis and may be responsible for its pharmacological activities. The results of the study could be useful in setting some diagnostic indices for the identification and preparation of a monograph of the plant.
Key words: Cissus quadrangularis, Maceration, Physicochemical analysis
Cissus quadrangularis (Family-Vitaceae) is found in hotter parts of India and neibouring countries Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia .Stem of the plant are used as anthelmintic, laxative, chronic ulcer, ,analgesics and in Bone healing activity. The Stem of Cissus quadrangularis was collected and powdered. Ethyl acetate extract was prepared by using Cold Maceration and subsequently fractioned with hydro alcoholic (50:50) for detailed chemical analysis. Fluorescence characters of different Macerated extract and powder were noted under ultra violet light and under normal ordinary light, which signifies their characteristics. The total ash value, acid insoluble ash value and water soluble ash value were 12.5%, 2.5% & 10.0%, respectively. The percentage yields for ethyl acetate, Hydro alcoholic were 2% and 1.8%. respectively. Reaction behaviors of powder stem of Cissus quadrangularis with 10 different reagents were also noted, which revealed characteristic development of particular color. Preliminary qualitative chemical tests of extracts were found positive results for Phytosterol, flavonoids and triterpenoids in Ethyl acetate fraction, Hydro alcoholic fraction was positive to carbohydrate, tannin and amino acid and vitamin C. Flavonoids and triterpenoids are the active constituents in stem of Cissus quadrangularis and may be responsible for its pharmacological activities. The results of the study could be useful in setting some diagnostic indices for the identification and preparation of a monograph of the plant.
Key words: Cissus quadrangularis, Maceration, Physicochemical analysis
March - 2011 / Volume - 3/Issue - 1
( Total Articles =25 )
( Total Articles =25 )
March 2011 Issue
Article No 20
March - 2011 / Volume - 3 / Issue - 01 / Article No - 20 / Research Article
PHARMACOGNOSTICAL & PHYTO-CHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF
CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS LINN. STEM
Anuj K. Srivastava1*, Priyanka Srivastava1,
B. R. Behera2, A. K. Shrivastava3
1School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University,
Jaipur (Raj.), India
2The Pharmaceutical College Ingipali,
Bargarh (Orissa), India
3Anand Colleges of Pharmacy, Agra, (U.P.), India
Email:anuj_pharmacognosy@rediffmail.com
March - 2011 / Volume - 3 / Issue - 01 / Article No - 20 / Research Article
PHARMACOGNOSTICAL & PHYTO-CHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF
CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS LINN. STEM
Anuj K. Srivastava1*, Priyanka Srivastava1,
B. R. Behera2, A. K. Shrivastava3
1School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University,
Jaipur (Raj.), India
2The Pharmaceutical College Ingipali,
Bargarh (Orissa), India
3Anand Colleges of Pharmacy, Agra, (U.P.), India
Email:anuj_pharmacognosy@rediffmail.com
Anuj Srivastava
